Thirty Q&A questions on professional vocabulary for wooden houses

  As is well known, wooden structures have become increasingly popular among architects in recent years. Research from the National Laboratory in New York has shown that the only truly green and environmentally friendly building design in the world is wooden house design. This makes it stand out among many materials.

Today, Xiaoyu Wooden House will introduce more detailed wooden structures through the following thirty professional vocabulary.

1、 Moisture content: (usually abbreviated as MC)

It is the percentage of moisture content in wood to the weight of dried wood. The specification material usually has the "S-Dry" (surface dry) mark when it leaves the factory. This symbol indicates that the maximum moisture content of the material during surface treatment is 19%, and the proportion of materials exceeding this limit does not exceed 5%. There is also a type of board marking called "KD" (kiln dried), which indicates that the wood has been dried in the kiln to achieve an average moisture content of 16% or less.

2、 Specification material

Specification timber mainly refers to solid wood sawn timber cut according to a certain specification in cross-section. In North America, specification materials are mainly divided into several types according to the imperial system, such as 2x4, 2x6, 2x8, 2x10, 2x12, etc. The corresponding metric cross-sectional dimensions are 38 mm x 89 mm, 38 mm x 140 mm, 38 mm x 184 mm, 38 mm x 235 mm, and 38 mm x 286 mm. Different specifications of materials are used for different parts such as walls, floors, and roof trusses.

3、 Fang material

Refers to solid wood sawn timber with a minimum cross-sectional size of 90 millimeters or more. Square materials are mainly used for main structural elements such as columns and beams.

4、 Engineering wood products

Engineering wood products are a series of structural composite material products made by bonding wood fibers, particles, or thin wood sheets with adhesives. Engineering wood products enable us to effectively utilize wood resources. Compared with solid wood for construction, the main advantages of engineered wood products are their stability and greater structural strength. This means that many construction projects where steel is used can use engineered wood materials. Engineering wood products include GLT CLT、NLT、SCL、LVL、PSL、LSL、OSL、OSB、 I-shaped joists, finger joints, wooden trusses, and other regularly launched new products.

5、 Laminated laminated wood (GLT)

It is an engineering wood product that uses adhesives to bond the laminated boards together, usually by bonding standard specification materials together under pressure in a direction parallel to the length of the component/panel.

6、 Orthogonal laminated timber (CLT)

CLT panel components are made by bonding multiple layers of standard wood or structural composite wood at right angles to each other, usually three, five, or seven layers. The wood is placed alternately and orthogonally between each layer. In some cases, other layers can also be used or two consecutive layers of wood can be placed in the same direction to form a double layer to achieve specific structural capabilities.

7、 Anti-corrosion wood

It refers to anti-corrosion and insect proof wood with coatings or chemical components infused under high pressure on the surface. The anti-corrosion treatment process will not change the basic characteristics of wood, but it will prolong the service life of wooden building materials in harsh environments. The difficulty of wood anti-corrosion processing depends on different tree species. Nowadays, the most widely used preservative globally is ACQ, which does not contain arsenic or chromium. Verified by multiple countries including Canada, the United States, Europe, and Japan, the anti-corrosion wood treated with ACQ is excellent.

8、 Traditional wooden structure

The traditional Chinese wood structure building is a frame structure formed by large wood components such as columns, beams, purlins, braces, and arch of wooden architecture to bear the loads from roofs and floors, as well as wind and seismic forces. At the latest in the 2nd century BC, the Han Dynasty formed two main forms of wooden structural systems, represented by the lifting beam style and the piercing bucket style. The key technology of this wooden structure system is the mortise and tenon structure, which means that the connection between wooden components does not require auxiliary connecting components made of other materials, but mainly relies on the insertion between two wooden components.

9、 Modern wooden structures

Modern timber structure buildings refer to buildings where the main structural components are made of standardized wood or engineered wood products, and the connection nodes of the components are connected by metal connectors. Modern wooden structures are divided into lightweight wooden structures, heavy-duty wooden structures, wood hybrid structures, and square timber and log structures. Modern wooden structures are mainly used for mid to low rise residential buildings such as detached houses, townhouses and apartments, as well as small and medium-sized public buildings such as schools, clubs, nursing homes, etc.

10、 Ground beam slab

A horizontal structural component anchored to the top of the foundation wall and supporting the floor joists placed on top of it. The ground beams and slabs are made of specification materials that have undergone anti-corrosion treatment.

11、 Shelf rack

A series of horizontal structural components used to support floor slabs, ceilings, and roofs. Shelves can be made of standard materials or engineered wood products.

12、 Bottom beam slab

A horizontal structural component that is connected to the bottom of the wall column and fixed to the floor slab and floor joists below the floor slab. The bottom beam slab can be made of standard materials.

13、 Wooden bottom support

A horizontal support fixed at the bottom of the shelf as a reinforcing rod. The wooden bottom support adopts small-sized specification materials.

14、 Liang

Larger horizontal structural components provide intermediate support for the floor and roof joists. The beam can be composed of standard materials or engineered wood products.

15、 Floor panel

Horizontally laid structural panels, connected to each other and fixed to the top of the shelf. Generally, it is a fixed size coniferous plywood or oriented wood chip board. The long edge of the panel is a tongue to increase the bonding strength.

16、 Wall bone column

A vertical component used for exterior and interior wall frames. Constructed from standard materials.

17、 Load bearing interior wall

An interior wall that can bear the load transmitted from the upper floor and walls. Most exterior walls are load-bearing walls.

18、 Top beam slab

A horizontal structural component placed at the top of the wall pillar. Generally, two layers of top beam plates are used, and the top beam plates are stacked on top of each other. The upper top beam connects the wall limbs together and supports the floor joists or roof trusses placed on top of it. The top beam slab is made of standard materials.

19、 Exterior wall panel

A structural panel placed vertically adjacent to each other, fixed to the outside of the wall column, with a certain gap between the wall panels. The wall panels are made of plywood or oriented strand board with specific specifications.

20、 Scissor brace

Short cross slant support used as stiffener between floor joists. Using standard materials.

21、 Truss structure

A series of vertically placed structural frames used to support the roof and the loads acting on it. The top beam plates of the truss and the wall are generally connected by nails or metal connection plates, and the two outer walls that the truss spans provide all the support for the truss.

22、 Hanging eaves

It is a type of truss upper chord that extends out of the exterior wall, forming an eave area to provide support for the viewing panel and eaves.

23、 Lower chord

Refers to the main members at the bottom of the truss (roof or floor), extending from the bearings to form an outer lower edge, often used to support the combined action of bending and tensile stress loads.

24、 Raft bar

A series of inclined structural components used to support the roof and the loads acting on it. When constructing the roof, rafters and roof joists can also be used instead of trusses.

25、 Roof panel

Structural panels covering the roof slope and fixed at the top of the truss. The long sides of adjacent roof panels are connected with metal clips to enhance the strength of the roof panels between trusses or rafters. The roof panel is made of plywood or oriented strand board of specific specifications.

26、 Cantilever

It refers to structural components that extend beyond the support point, beyond the support wall, beam, or column, and the protruding eaves end is not supported.

27、 Ceiling partition

In order to maintain stability of the wooden structure, lateral forces need to be horizontally transferred to the vertical supporting walls through structural partitions. This is a designated material that is fully connected to the bottom edge of adjacent components (roof trusses), with the dual advantages of a ceiling and structural partition, and can prevent torsional vibration from occurring.

28、 Gusset angle

It is a diagonal component installed at a 45 degree angle from vertical columns to horizontal trusses, suitable for truss systems without intermediate support and/or lateral support. Usually used for large-span frame and barn buildings. Lateral restraint - continuous lateral support. This is a permanent structural component fixed to the chord/web members of a truss, which has the functions of reinforcement, lateral support, and load transfer

29、 Connecting components

In lightweight timber structures, the role of connectors is to connect various structural components and cladding materials together, and to bear and distribute loads, helping the structure resist special loads such as seismic and wind loads. Connectors are a fundamental part of building design and overall structural performance.

30、 Fasteners

In lightweight timber structure buildings, the function of fasteners is to connect various structural components to form a frame structure and fix the cladding panel to the frame structure. And fix the inner and outer decorative layers to the structure. In addition, it can also be used to fix door and window frames, stairs, floor slabs, decorative lines, and roofing materials.